Essay about A Summary of Beowulf - 662 Words

Beowulf begins with a history of the great Danish King Scyld (whose funeral is described in the Prologue). King Hrothgar, Scylds great-grandson, is well loved by his people and successful in war. He builds a lavish hall, called Heorot, to house his vast army, and when the hall is finished, the Danish warriors gather under its roof to celebrate. Grendel, a monster who lives at the bottom of a nearby mere, is provoked by the singing and celebrating of Hrothgars followers. He appears at the hall late one night and kills thirty of the warriors in their sleep. For the next twelve years, the fear of Grendels fury casts a shadow over the lives of the Danes. Hrothgar and his advisors can think of nothing to calm the monsters anger.†¦show more content†¦He tears off the monsters arm at the shoulder, but Grendel escapes, only to die soon afterward at the bottom of his snake-infested mere. The Danish warriors, who have fled the hall in fear, return singing songs in praise of Beowulfs t riumph. Hrothgar rewards Beowulf with a great store of treasures. After another banquet, the warriors of both the Geats and the Danes retire for the night. Unknown to the warriors, however, Grendels mother is plotting revenge (see Grendels Mothers Attack). She arrives at the hall when all the warriors are sleeping and carries off Aeschere, Hrothgars chief advisor along with her sons claw. (Click here to see the infamous claw!) Beowulf offers to dive to the bottom of the lake, find the monster and destroy her. He and his men follow the monsters tracks to the cliff overlooking the lake where Grendels mother lives. They see Aescheres bloody head sitting on the cliff. While preparing for battle, Beowulf asks Hrothgar to protect his warriors, and to send his treasures to his uncle, King Hygelac, if he doesnt return safely. Before Beowulf goes into the sea, Unferth offers him his sword, Hrunting. During the ensuing battle Grendels mother carries Beowulf to her underwater home. After a terrible fight, Beowulf kills the monster with a magical sword, probably put there by the Al-Weilder, that he finds on the wall of her home. He also finds Grendels dead body, cuts off the head, and returns toShow MoreRelatedBeowulf s Legacy : A Summary859 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf’s Legacy: A summary of what the story of Beowulf taught the Anglo-Saxons to become a better people You’re on the ground. You’re bleeding, blood gushing out as though it was a geyser. You can’t hear anything, vision is failing you, and you’re just now realizing where you are. The setting is a battlefield. Gore and loss are mixed with the scent of gunpowder and smoke. You look toward what you think was the enemy; a tank. It’s barreling toward you, but you are petrified. You glance behindRead MoreA Summary of Beowulf Essay981 Words   |  4 Pages Beowulf begins with a history of the Danish kings. Hrothgar is the present king of the Danes. He builds a hall, called Heorot, to house his army. The Danish soldiers gather under its roof to celebrate and have fellowship with each other. Grendel, who lives at the bottom of a nearby swamp, is awakened and disgusted by the singing of Hrothgars men. He comes to the hall late one night and kills thirty of the warriors in their sleep. For the next twelve years Grendel stalks the mead hall knownRead MoreSummary Of Heaney And Beowulf1322 Words   |  6 PagesIn this era that Beowulf is in, its prime time for warriors, and the culture displayed in each poem forwards it. In this time warriors hold the power, possibly even more than kings, and in this way of life Beowulf thrives, and people take notice. Eventually, he obtains a position of power and leads his people to a time of peace. However, the peaceful time is cut short when Beowulf dies and leaves his people with no hair to take over . Beowulf protected his people so well he shielded them from theRead MoreA Summary of the Epic of Beowulf Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pages Beowulf is a story that takes place in medieval Europe, the main part of the story is about a knight, Beowulf, who has to fight evil creatures such as a dragon. No one is exactly sure who wrote Beowulf, Paleographers believe that the soul surviving manuscript was copied down in the late tenth century or early eleventh. This early copy of Beowulf is still around today. This single manuscript can be found in the British Library in London. Scholars believe that the story itself was written betweenRead MoreBeowulf, The Epic Hero1373 Words   |  6 PagesJoyner December 12, 2015 Beowulf, The Epic Hero In Anglo Saxon times, Beowulf is considered a well known epic hero. â€Å"Epic heroes are literary characters from ancient mythology and other stories, which were written down in the form of long, narrative epic poems. The hero is the main character, or protagonist of the poem†(Epic Hero: Definition, Characteristics Examples.). The epic hero usually battles for accomplishments to a set of tasks to complete important goals. Beowulf is described as an epicRead MoreBeowulf s Last Battle Of The Epic Hero954 Words   |  4 Pagesmother, the epic hero, Beowulf, faces his third and final monster, a dragon that has been attacking Geatland. But this last battle will be completely different than the ones before, and spells the end for our epic hero. !!!Beowulf s Last Battle Starting around line 2200 of the great epic poem __ Beowulf __, we have the entrance of the last of the monsters that Beowulf must overcome as part of the epic hero cycle. But this battle is unlike the earlier battles Beowulf faced as a young warriorRead MoreAnalysis Of Beowulf And The Three Battles 725 Words   |  3 PagesBingaman Mr. Strausbaugh British Literature 18 September 2015 Beowulf and the Three Battles According to Michael Delahoyde Kings should display the heroic ideal and be known for an extraordinary and courageous feat or for success in war, all preceded by some boasting. In the epic poem, Beowulf eventually became king and even before that time, the people looked up to him for his bravery and courage. Beowulf bragged often and although battling certain enemies seemed grueling, he keptRead MoreTheme Of Evil In Beowulf996 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf versus Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚   Heroes can be in our everyday life or someone you’ve seen only once but all of our heroes have something in common. Their heroic traits make up who they are and some character traits my heroes have in common are kindness, courage, intelligence, and empathy. Beowulf is also a hero in my eyes because he possesses all of these traits and more. What traits do your heroes have in common? Robert Nye’s long poem, Beowulf: a New Telling, is a fictional long poem about a hero, BeowulfRead MoreWhy Is Beowulf Considered A Hero?983 Words   |  4 PagesMay 2016 Why is Beowulf considered a hero? Beowulf, an epic hero of his time, has some people that don’t think he should be considered a hero, but I think otherwise. He killed many monsters, and creatures from various places, saving the people who live(d) there, and this is the definition of a hero, â€Å"a person, typically a man, who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.† That definition really describes Beowulf because of the outstandingRead MoreHeroes : A Comparison Of Beowulf And Wolverine750 Words   |  3 PagesFrom the medieval times to the aftermath of World War II we have two different but extremely similar hero figures in history. One was Beowulf, an inexperienced warrior who turned into a developed king. The other was what some would call abnormal who was later turned into a science experiment known as Wolverine. Beowulf and Wolverine are very harsh and pitiless when it comes to conflict. From ripping limbs off with crude strength to tearing their enemies into pieces, it goes to show just how

Is Capital Punishment Necessary Essay - 1174 Words

Is Capital Punishment Necessary? nbsp; In 1980 Clarence Brandly, a black high school janitor, and his white co-worker found the body of a white female student. As the police interrogated them, the officers told them, One of you is going to hang for this. As he was looking at Brandly, the officer said, Since youre the nigger, youre elected. Brandly was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death. The evidence against him was weak and the police disregarded other leads. In 1986, a volunteer group devoted to freeing wrongly convicted prisoners came to Brandlys assistance. Meanwhile evidence surfaced that another man had committed the crime that Brandly was convicted for. He wasnt released until 1990†¦show more content†¦This is the smallest percentage in 25 years. This survey also found that 94% of Americans believe that innocent people are convicted of murder and of those surveyed; they believe that 12% of those convicted are innocent. (http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/Polls.html#USAToday). nbsp; nbsp; One of the major reasons suport of capital punishment is declining is discrimination. There is an excessive amount of discrimination of African Americans and the poor in the court systems. For example the story of Clarence Brandly, there was uncalled for discrimination both in the courtroom and with the police because he was black. Our countys death row prisoners have always had disproportionate numbers of African Americans, considering that they represent about 12% of the population. Between the years of 1930 and 1996, 4,220 prisoners were executed in the United States. Of those executed, over half of them were black. Over the last century, blacks were often executed for what was considered less-than-capital crimes for whites, such as rape and burglary. In 36 years, 455 men were executed for rape. Out of those 455 men 405-90 percent- were black. nbsp; nbsp; In our society, racial minorities are excessively poor compared to whites. Approximately 90% of those on death row could not afford to hire a lawyer when they were needed and therefore receive inadequate representation. The wealthy can afford the best lawyers and therefore either get a lesser penalty or getShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Is It Necessary1239 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Is It Necessary EDEM DEH National American University Abstract Capital punishment is a dicey topic which irritates nerves when brought up for discussion. Several school of thought have shared their views regarding this topic. According to the Pew Research center a survey conducted March 25-29, 2015 56% of American people agree that it’s a punishment befitting a crime, whiles 38% are against it. What is capital punishment? We can all share a view about what capital punishmentRead MoreCapital Punishment : Is It Necessary?1373 Words   |  6 PagesIn Favor of Capital Punishment As in any other debate this is the other side of the coin, the supporters those who are in favor of capital punishment. They believe that the death penalty is absolutely necessary because it is a form of prevent crime. Also, they said that the death penalty honors human being self-esteem by treating the criminal as a free moral character in the life story able to control his own destiny for good or for bad. The death penalty gives consolation to the victim s familiesRead More Capital Punishment Is Necessary1130 Words   |  5 PagesKeeping the death penalty upheld and established in all states would greatly decrease that number. Something must be done to keep citizens safe and to keep the murder rates low. Capital Punishment is a rightly justified penalty because it is moral retribution, constitutional, and it deters crime. One reason that Capital Punishment is just is the idea that it is moral retribution to the murderer. According to David Gelernter, the death penalty supporter’s view is that the main goal in executing murderersRead More Capital Punishment Is Necessary Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment and the practice of the death penalty is an issue that is passionately debated in the United States. Opponents of the death penalty claim that capital punishment is unnecessary since a life sentence accomplishes the same objective. What death penalty opponents neglect to tell you is that convicted murders and child rapists escape from prison every year(List of prison escapes, 2015). As I write this essay, police are searching for two convicted murders who escaped from the ClintonRead MoreCapital Punishment Is No Longer Necessary1777 Words   |  8 PagesCapital punishment, or execution, or death penalty, or sentence to death has always been the best answer for criminals with u nforgivable crimes such as murder or child-rape , almost 61% of Americans unanimously agree so, as reported by the Gallup Poll in August 1997. Gradually, however, the American’s opinions have been shifted. In September 2014, the Gallup Poll asked â€Å"Which do you think is the better penalty for murder - the death penalty or life imprisonment?† Nearly 45 percent of respondentsRead More Capital Punishment: A Necessary Part of Justice in the United States1759 Words   |  8 PagesIt is only justice if the punishment fits the crime committed, and for murder, the only punishment fit is the death penalty, therefore, the capital punishment should be retained in all the States as a means of justice and a clear message for potential criminals out there not to follow. The opposing side who disagrees against the death penalty argues against several factors. One argument against the death penalty is that a man has no right to choose death as a punishment for another. Every humanRead MoreEssay on Ethical and Historical Analysis of Capital Punishment1545 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment â€Å"[dates] as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified [Capital Punishment] for 25 different crimes,† so it is no surprise that it is still used today (â€Å"Early Death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). In the U.S, Capital Punishment has been legalized in 32 states since 1996. Capital Punishment is not as inhumane as it sounds; it is limited under the 8th amendment in the U.S. Contrary to most beliefs, Capital Punishment is not used on every case of rapistsRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty910 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of capital punishment, and why others believe it is okay. Capital punishme nt is when someone has committed a crime in which they are sentenced to death. In this paper I will be arguing that the death penalty is okay. Capital punishment has been a controversial and debatable issue for centuries. People have been sentenced to capital punishment since the beginning of time, it has been accepted as fair punishment by law enforcement within any period. Over time capital punishment has becomeRead MoreCapital Punishment : An Unnecessary Practice1630 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment: an Unnecessary Practice I. Introduction The debate of whether the capital punishment is morally and politically appropriate has historical origins. The practice of capital punishment in America started when British settlers discovered the new world and created the first American colonies. Despite of the practice of the death penalty being ancient, capitals crimes have changed over time. Throughout the eras, the abolitionist movement against the capital punishment has been presentRead MoreCapital Punishment1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe death penalty has been around for many centuries and will probably be around for many to come. Although some citizens feel capital punishment is ethically wrong, it is necessary in today s society for various reasons. Society must be kept safe from the barbaric acts of murders and rapist, by taking away their lives to function and perform in our society. Most criminals don t take into account the results of their actions. If a person intending to commit a crime, sees another criminal put to

Ethical Leadership and Moral Equity Judgments †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Leadership and Moral Equity Judgments. Answer: Introduction: According the case study, I think at the time of duty drinking alcohol or taking drugs is against of the values of services. Because when someone is in service if anyone involved in unethical work that may affect hisher service. The person who took drugs is breach the rules of service. In the service place she may need to take care of young people or this, unethical acts may affect them too. The residents staying there they may complain to the authority about that staff who took alcohol. The staffs who are working on those residents are fighting with each others. That may inflect the environment of that place. The staffs continue blaming own self for the acts they did. The stuff who took drugs in the duty hours she went somewhere without give information to the supervisor (Fahie 2014). A person should work according the ethics that should followed in his service. The Australian Workers Association (ACWA) makes an ethical practice for the industry, employer, client and public expectation. The service providers should followed the basic ethical practices. Its duty of them to follow such rules. There are some obligations also of ethical issues to the clients that may affect their ethics. Basic principals they should follow are: They have the rights to maximize their own potential which may not infringe the others rights. There must some obligations in providing of services The service provider or any professions workers have right to use all knowledge which may help them to work. This community also established such facts about the responsibilities towards the clients. They must provide all information to the clients and help them according their needs. Service provider should respect their clients. Service provider should take care their colleagues each other. They never involved in any such acts, which may effects their professions. As per the case study, Bree suspects to responsible for causing disturbance towards the residents. She continues arguing with her colleagues. At the time of duty she took drugs also with the residents and publicly they behave uncoordinated. Other colleagues when try to remind her about the service ethics, she again argued with them. According the Australian Workers Association (ACWA) Bree infringe all the ethics which may affect into her service (Vardaman , Gondo and Allen 2014). The ethical dilemmas and conflict of interest The service providers should aware of the conflicts of interest. These conflicts may affect their professions. The conflicts may arise for one or more than one clients involvements. The priority of clients comes first for the service providers. When such conflicts arise, the service providers may think about a solution and took a proper action for that conflict. They always follow the ethical practices in providing services. They may not accept or give any gifts to the clients for considering the works. It may affect their profession. They can also refuse to accept or refuse such matters, which can be unethical to towards their professions. As per the case study, Bree done some unethical acts which could affect her professions and she also involves the residents who are act as clients to them which also conflicts the ethics of services. Fiona who is her colleague, she also argued with her regarding the drag issues. She took drugs, which may gave an disturbance towards the residents. Fiona who has tried to warn her about the behavior and gave punishment to leave the service. She leaves the place without informing others and again gets back to service for joining there. However, already Fiona inform to the supervisor about Bree for her unethical practices. The Control Substances Act 1984 is the first legislation of which protects and controlled drugs addiction users. The case study describes how one staff was addicted to drugs and involved other residents into that. At the time of duty she broke the ethical practices, argued with other collogues, took drugs, and ignored workplace ethics also. According to the Work Healthy and Safety Act 2012 (SA) , its provide a safety and healthy environment to the service providers. In the case study all employees except Bree have faced the unhealthy environment for her. She took drugs and involved others, which may a warning to the other staffs for working such palace. This kind of unethical practices may be the reason of the termination of the job. She not only disturbs the residents but also other employees also get affected b y her. This act can protect the employees who are working for the residents and not related with any unethical practices. The Dangerous Substance Act 2002 (SA) The Dangerous Substances Act (SA) helps employees from any illness or injuries. Drugs itself a dangerous substance, which not only illegal to use, also is causes illness. Carrying a substance in the workplace and using it at the duty times is a criminal offence. Bree, who is the staff, took that drug and distributed to others in the time of duty on her work place (Rock and Degeling2015). Two such workplaces where improvement requires as per the legal and ethical requirements are in school and offices. In both sectors the primary ethics, that should need to follow being punctual to arrive in offices and works. They should be responsible in following orders, work as a team, and good behaviors to clients and collogues and honesty at work, wear proper dresses and work with positivity these following improvements needs in every work places. The employee, students all must follow these ethical practices, which not only affect the work place but also help to develop a great environment. Fraud, unethical works may affect toward the professions. According to the case study, the employees need to follow those above ethics (Resick et al. 2015) Reference Fahie, D., 2014. Doing sensitive research sensitively: ethical and methodological issues in researching workplace bullying.International Journal of Qualitative Methods,13(1), pp.19-36. Fahie, D., 2014. Doing sensitive research sensitively: ethical and methodological issues in researching workplace bullying.International Journal of Qualitative Methods,13(1), pp.19-36. Higgins, C., Milne, M.J. and van Gramberg, B., 2015. The uptake of sustainability reporting in Australia.Journal of Business Ethics,129(2), pp.445-468. Jackson, S. and Palmer, L.R., 2015. Reconceptualizing ecosystem services: Possibilities for cultivating and valuing the ethics and practices of care.Progress in Human Geography,39(2), pp.122-145. Resick, C.J., Hargis, M.B., Shao, P. and Dust, S.B., 2013. Ethical leadership, moral equity judgments, and discretionary workplace behavior.Human Relations,66(7), pp.951-972. Rock, M.J. and Degeling, C., 2015. Public health ethics and more-than-human solidarity.Social Science Medicine,129, pp.61-67. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Vardaman, J.M., Gondo, M.B. and Allen, D.G., 2014. Ethical climate and pro-social rule breaking in the workplace.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), pp.108-118.

Working in Japan, China, India and South Korea

Table of Contents Introduction Working in Japan Working in China Working in India Working in South Korea Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Due to technological advancement, the world has become a global village spurring employers to seek labor from the international market. However, due to the high level of insecurity there are rules and regulations to abide by before crossing the border. Besides employment, people travel internationally for tourism or holiday purposes, businesses, medical, interracial marriages and education among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Working in Japan, China, India and South Korea specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, China is among the world’s most powerful economies thus prompting it to seek external labor. Different countries have diverse ways, which watch the movement and entrance of foreigners into their territories. For instance, a transit visa for per sons on international tours applies to nearly all countries worldwide. The next discussion expounds on the types of Visas and the working environment foreigners experience while in Japan, China, India and South Korea. Working in Japan Before a foreigner accesses employment in Japan he or she has to acquire a work permit or working visa. Foreigners with degrees, adequate professional experience and sponsorship have the highest chance to acquire a working Visa and the job market presents them with better employment opportunities. However, incase  one changes the professionalism, it is necessary the authorities show the changes on the working visa. Foreigners with permanent residence permit or a spouse visa are free to seek employment in the Japanese job market. Fortunately, citizens between the ages of eighteen and thirty originating from New Zealand, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Ireland and Korea are eligible to working holiday Visa . The visa enables them to engage in paid jobs during their holiday in Japan but only lasts for three months. As earlier mentioned only skilled foreign workers have a better chance to get access to  the Japanese labor market. Due to poor reception of foreigners, there is no job security in Japan (Sassen  80). Most firms give foreigners contracts and subcontracts, which last between three months to one year (Tano  120). The mediocre salary for the unskilled labor is unable to cater for basic needs and educate the worker’s children. Consequently, there is an increase in the number of the uneducated children in Japan. The workers lack crucial benefits like vacations, pensions and insurance cover leading to a poor health style (Tano 121). Therefore, the poor working attitude towards foreigners especially those with unskilled labor lead to criticism from the human right activists. There are five types of Visas for foreigners who wish to travel to Japan. The working Visa ensures a foreigner accesses e mployment while the working holidays Visa is for citizens from specific countries. People with a proof of the acceptance in a Japanese education institution acquire a student visa while spouse visa is for married people.Advertising Looking for essay on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The rules and regulations of Japan do not allow students to work. However, sometimes students can seek employment for specified hours through permission from the immigration officers. Finally, tourists and businessperson get a tourist visa. Temporary visitors cannot engage in paid activities-it is against the Japanese law. Furthermore, there is exemption of tourist visa for persons from specified countries. The rules allow them to use a passport. While in Japan, each foreigner has to move around with the visa as a form of identification. Therefore, practically to secure good employment in Japan a person has to have a degree or formal ed ucation and a working permit. In addition, students, spouses and permanent residences with higher education are eligible for employment. Working in China For a foreigner to penetrate the Job market in China he or she has to get a Z visa/work visa, which may also let him to move with his/her family. China has available labor market reducing its need for importation of external labor force (Offe  69). However, the few foreigners in China complain of the long working conditions. The Chinese work for forty-eight hours a week (Offe 70). Before applying for a work permit, a person has  to collaborate with an employment agency with a license to recruit non-citizens. Most employers cover education cost for the children and health insurance for all family members. Foreigners are ineligible to apply for pensions schemes while working in China. Non-Chinese persons who have worked for more than one year in China have to produce a valid health certificate. There are about six types of Visas available for foreigners but each depends on the purpose of travel. For instance, L visa is for a person(s)  who intends to visit friends or family members. The F visa is for visitors, researchers, lecturers,  and investigators but the visa is only for a short-term basis. The Z visa is for employment, which grants a person to engage in paid activities.   Registered employers have to apply the visa on behalf of the foreigner. The X visa is for students and interns (for not more than six months), and the tourist groups Visa is accessible to more than five persons on vacation. Finally, the D visa is for permanent residency in China. Spouses who are non-Chinese citizens receive a spouse residence permit, which also allows them to seek employment. Similar to Japan people from specific countries can land in China without applying for the visa. Therefore, the practical guidelines for a foreigner intending to penetrate the Chinese job market include skilled labor, familiarity with for eign employment agencies and possession of a working visa or a spouse residence permit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Working in Japan, China, India and South Korea specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Working in India The Indian authority only issues a work visa/permit to skilled professionals only. Before getting employment, a foreigner has to register with the Foreigner Regional registration officer, which  is mandatory  within fourteen days of arrival. A foreign employee in India gets a good salary, health insurance and housing. However, the employment terms are on contract basis to the Visa or residence permit. There are five types of Visas for foreigners intending to cross the Indian borders. For example, the medical visa is for a foreigner who is seeking further medical treatment. India is among the world’s best and cheapest nation with advanced medical equipment. Thus, most patients with chronic ailments go to India for better medical check up. The Medical visa lasts up to one year except in few circumstances where the authorities have to alter the duration. The student visa is for education purpose and its duration lasts up to five years. A business visa applies to people who set up businesses/partnership with the natives. Validity of the visa ranges between three months to five years. Before accessing the business visa, a person has to have  a letter from an Indian sponsoring company.  The tourist visa is for visitors who are intending to stay for about six months. Sometimes there is a transit visa for people who pass through India while on international trips. The medical and tourist visa can never grant a permanent residence to foreigners. The work permit is for employment purpose. Thus, foreigners have to own  a work permit and register with the foreign regional office to  penetrate the Indian job market. Moreover, one cannot access a visa unless he/she has a sponsor for their recommendation. Working in South Korea In 1997, South Korea imposed equal working conditions between foreigners and natives. Minimizing exploitation from employers, the foreigners have similar working conditions like the natives (Lim 329). Salary payment, insurance coverage and other benefits are similar despite of citizenship. In case of dissatisfaction with the terms and conditions of employment, the foreigners can complain or engage in strike to raise their grievances. South Korea is one of the few countries, which has imposed equal employment terms for both natives and foreigners. However, before crossing the borders of South Korea a foreigner has to apply for an employment Visa, which Depends on the type or duration of the employment. The C-4 is a visa for persons who are seeking for short-term employment, E1applies  for university professors, E2 is for instructors, E3 applies to researchers, E4 is for technical instructors, E5 is for consultants, E6  is f or entertainers, and E7  applies to a specialized profession, E8  a trainee eligible for employment and E9  applies to non-professional persons.Advertising Looking for essay on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The H1  and H2  are for working holiday and working visitors respectively. The study visas depend on the type of training and include C3  for short-term visit, D2  to a general student D3  is for an industrial trainee  and D4  for a general trainee. The D5  visa applies to Journalists; D6  is for religious persons, D7  for employee, D8  for foreign invested persons while D9  is for international Trade and Management persons. The F1, F2, F3, F4  and F5  are for families, permanent residence, spouses, overseas Korean and foreign persons seeking permanent residence respectively. A1 is a diplomatic visa, A2  for government officers and A3  for treaty. B1  is for persons from countries where visa exemption applies while B2 is a transit visa for people on international trips. Finally, the tourist and business visas are valid between thirty and ninety days. Fortunately, through agreement with some countries, South Korea grants their citizens entry without a visa. Therefore, the acquisition of a working visa automatically enables a foreigner to work in South Korea. Conclusion Exempting Japan the working conditions for foreigners in India, China and South Korea are favorable. South Korea grants the best employment terms because all employees are equal. Besides few exemptions, the aforementioned countries have similar types of visas and terms of employment. A person seeking international employment from Japan, China, India and South Korea has to apply for a working visa or working holiday visa depending on the international agreement between the countries. Spouses and permanent residences are free to access the job markets. Students have to seek permission from the authorities before engaging in payment activities. Although South Korea has the highest number of Visas, it presents the best working environment for foreigners while China is the only country with a population boom thus it rarely seeks foreigners for employment purposes. Fin ally, to access a better job in the foreign soils a person has to have a formal training with a higher education level. Works Cited Lim, Timothy. â€Å"The fight for equal rights: the power of foreign workers in South Korea.†Ã‚  Alternatives 24.3 (1999 🙂 329-359.Print. Offe, Claus. Disorganized capitalism: contemporary transformation of work and politics. Cambridge: polity press, 1985. Print. Sassen, Sakis. The mobility of labor and capital: study in international investment and  labor flow. New York: Cambridge University press, 1988. Print. Tano, Kiyoto. â€Å"The economic crisis and foreign workers in Japan: why does Japan treat migrant workers as second class citizens?† Japan labor review 7.3 (2010): 110-126 This essay on Working in Japan, China, India and South Korea was written and submitted by user Susan Warren to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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compare contrast essay Essays

compare contrast essay Essays compare contrast essay Essay compare contrast essay Essay Traveling by Bus Verses Traveling in an Airplane Even though traveling by bus and airplane will get you to your desired destination, the travel experience is very different from one to the other. When I lived in Chicago for a while I would make frequent trips to Ohio to visit my family; in doing so I used several means of transportation a few of them being by airplane and bus. I found that traveling by airplane was by far the best way to travel. A few reasons led me to hat conclusion whenever I traveled by air my trip was so much faster than by land; an airplane ride would typically take about 45 min as opposed to a bus ride which generally took as long as 5 to 6 hours. In a bus it almost always seemed crowded and tight making the seating arrangement uncomfortable, but in an airplane the way the seats are set up in a way that the person has his or her own space even though it may be crowded the seats are set apart Just enough that we dont feel as if though our personal space is being invaded. Another luxury of flying was the snack it was nice receiving the complimentary snack the airline had to offer, this was not given while riding on the bus consequently we were made to wait until the bus had to pull over at a rest stop and we had to rush in the rest area to grab a snack from the vending machines. In terms of cost a bus fare would be much less expensive than that ofa plane ticket. If I had to choose I would be willing to pay the extra cash in order to undergo a better travel experience.

The Part of Bernard Shaws Mrs. Warrens Profession in the Struggle between Deep Rooted Traditions and Liberal Movements

The Part of Bernard Shaws Mrs. Warrens Profession in the Struggle between Deep Rooted Traditions and Liberal Movements The society at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20st century, as well as later on, began to face, whether they wanted or not, startling phenomena that were confronting the reality in which people were brought up, they read books about, were taught, that the Church was spreading and the government was enforcing. To be more concrete these "phenomena", e.g. improvement of women's position in the society, attempts for liberation of literature from the clutches of censorship or warnings against the reserve so typical of the public life, form an opposition to the stereotypes, customs and traditions that were embracing the reality in those times. In this essay I discuss how the play Mrs. Warren's Profession is intertwined with these changes, stereotypes and controversies characteristic for that period and how it contributes to it.The play was written in 1894 but was not performed until 1902.Shaw's Corner3Originally it was banned by the official theatre censor Lord Chamberlain because of its vivid discussion and depiction of prostitution, among other things under which the society's foundations trembled. Shaw stated in The Author's Apology that he had seen a couple of plays depending wholly on coarse humour and incidents of sex carried out to an extreme point which were neither forbidden nor struck down by stern criticism, "whereas plays in which these humours and fascinations are discarded, and the social problems created by sex seriously faced and dealt with, inevitably ignore the official formula," [the "requirements" a work needs to have in order to be banned] "and are suppressed" [the case of Mrs. Warren's profession] (Shaw, 11). But how come the shallower plays had a much better reception than the concious one? Reasons may vary but if we take the character of the British (the reserve, conservatism) into...

Academic montioring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic montioring - Essay Example It is worthwhile to consider some of the possible monitoring systems and strategies that a teacher can employ in K-5 grade class room. One strategy a teacher can use in a class to monitor the understanding level of lesson materials of students in K5 is to ask the students to draw pictures on the taught items. Sometimes the children may not be willing to draw the picture. But if they are motivated they do the work. The teachers can understand the child’s level of understanding even if the pictures are not worth watching. The drawn up piece can be considered to be a mirror kept against the child’s progress. In certain cases the teacher can ask the students to take the role of a teacher in group works. A talented or pre instructed student can easily find out the problems of his or her friends. Students will easily be able to gather information from their friends. Children open up their difficulties in studies to their friends. Then the teacher can cleverly identify the pro blems and help the children in tackling their problems. Effective monitoring in the classroom can be done in a different way. If the child is totally indifferent to the works given in the class, the teacher can promote him to do works of his or her own. Sometimes the child may select works outside the syllabus and it may not come up to the expected standard. Through this the teacher can understand the student’s ability in different areas. Once he or she gets the appreciation from the teacher there starts the change .Gradually the teacher can bring the child to class related assignments and activities. Similarly, the teacher can also do the strategy of assigning the works and telling the students to do it for their loving ones. Sometimes they will do it for their parents, siblings or friends. At the end of each week the teacher can ask them how much they could score for their loved ones. This has shown great results in the progress of most students in

Sustainable urban develpment Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 17500 words

Sustainable urban develpment - Thesis Example The invisible impacts are more deep rooted, though they are difficult to see and assess. These invisible impacts include changes in the quality of life, changing social structures and genetic changes. There are also several possible impacts of urban development, namely, increase in employment opportunities, cost-effective and efficient supply of basic amenities like water, electricity, gas etc., availability of medical and educational facilities, and promotion of safe and environmental friendly public transport system. The implementation sites are therefore required to be sustainable or assessed so as to evaluate the associated costs and benefits to the region and to the life of the people. For this, various environmental impact assessment is carried out. There are several methods for carrying out the environmental impact assessment like the checklist method, the matrix method, the network method, the overlay method and the battelle method. While all the methods have their applicability, Battelle method is found to be more holistic as it takes into account a large number of parameters related to the physical environment and human habitats and also assigns weights based on relative importance of the factors at the given site. The current study uses the Battelle method to evaluate a large implementation site at Hayeel. This implementation site, which is a mixed-use project, covers an area of 3,000,000 meter squares. The results of the Environmental Impact analysis show a negative EIU (Environmental Impact Unit) of -503.9 which means the development will affect the sustainability of the site. The research concludes with making several recommendations that can help in mitigating the detrimental impacts of the implementation site. (I suggest you add some more specific recommendations based on your actual

American Women Essay Example for Free

American Women Essay The American society was such a fragmented society in its early days of independence that various sectors of the society have had to free themselves through the hard way. The racial segregation between the blacks of the south and the whites of the north took a long time to resolve, and the solution came only by the war between the two regions when the one mighty Abraham Lincoln intervened. After racism, gender equality took the center stage. The American men could not envisage a situation where their women counterparts could vote alongside them, but with the upcoming of powerful women like Elizabeth Cady Sturton and Susan B Anthony with no exception to Alice Paul in the late 19th Century saw the fight get a notch higher. Actually the centre problem was the Amendment of section nineteen which will have allowed the women of the bigger empire. In this paper we are going to peruse through the whole process of the fight until the actual inception. The history of the women’s suffrage movement can be traced back in 1848. In this year a small women’s Right convention met at Seneca Falls in New York. These ladies were here to initiate their public outcry for equal rights with men . They wanted to be given equal opportunities as men to attend college, to make doctors and lawyers as their men counterpart. Pegged to this they demanded the right to vote, which according to them will open doors for all of the above. Alice Paul, the biggest name in the fight for women’s suffrage, entered battle seven decades after the inception of the fight. She herself had a test of the battle back in England where she had gone to attend her studies but unfortunately her later years ended in jail. She immediately flew back to the states only to find that the fight was underway. The entrance of Alice Paul in the bigger fight saw the battle reenergized and take an even rigorous pace. It is important to note that the first time the women’s suffrage amendment was presented to congress was in 1878 but unfortunately the congress did not give it any vote. In the next four decades the unrelenting women kept presenting it to the congress, all this time the bill yielding no luck. By this time the older generation of women suffragist had gone but the support among the American population had not gone. When Alice Paul and his party (National Women’s Party) gained strength, some states of the United States had already mandated voting for their women. Infact, in 1916 Montana became the first state to elect a woman, Jeannette Rankin ,to the congress. However, the congress was not in any way prepared to pass the suffrage amendment bill. With the congress having a negative attitude towards the bill (perceived as a gender biases) Alice Paul and some other leaders like Harriet Sturton thought to get the attention of the president and the congress. Their first strategy was to organize parades in the major cities, and New York and Washington were the most targeted. Suffragists in thousands and wearing white robes marched along the streets of New York. Some groups of the suffragist rode on horse back carrying banners flying high, but this could not change the mind of the president (then President Wilson). Therefore, another move was looming-picketing was to begin at White House. No sooner had picketing begin than was Alice Paul thrown in jail. She spent almost six weeks in and when she was released any move to stop picketers bore nothing. The exaggerated stories on the newspaper only helped to anger suffragists even more and helped more women join the movement. The mistreatments of the arrested suffragists, including forced feeding for those in prison hospital deterred not the free suffragists. These women were so courageous and that’s why in one of the president’s speeches to the public Paul courageously stood up and asked â€Å"How about votes for women? †(Doris, 1918) She could only be manhandled and led away for custody mistreatment. Still during the mistreatments one of them cried out and said â€Å"It was Alice Paul, the strongest weapon left with which to continue our battle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doris, 1918). Therefore, it was evident that these women were not going to let up soon, not until their demand was attended to. On January 9th 1918 President Wilson officially declared his long awaited support for the women’s suffrage movement. The events that followed saw a speedy move to pass the suffrage amendment bill, first beginning with the Susan B Anthony Amendment, which was to give suffrage to all American women citizens. Hardly a year later on August 26th, 1920 the amendment was verified in Tennessee, becoming the 36th state to do so. With this the Nineteenth amendment was officially introduced into the American constitution. For Alice Paul and her colleuges the first part of the battle had been won, next was the Equal rights Amendment which was to protect and guarantee women protection against discrimination. Eight decades down the line the battle still continues but the war can be said to be more than won. The approach and the strategies employed by Alice Paul and her friends can be said to intellectual. Their demonstrations never involved violence infact when she was asked if at all she threw stones herself she strongly resisted,-â€Å"No, indeed. I never did and I never shall. I think such deeds belong to rioters and women are seldom rioters† (Doris, 1918). I personally like this attitude in Alice Paul. The contemporary U. S politics is characterized by powerful women politicians like Madeline Albright, Condoleezza Rice, Jendayi Frazier and many others. I am of the opinion that these politicians should be made to understand that any political ovation they do enjoy today was fought for by the more powerful women like Alice Paul and Anthony B, who came before them. They should also realize that U. S politics make a big difference in the whole world: there is no nation in the world where women have been given a high profile than in the U. S, save for the fact that the empire hasn’t produced any woman president. All these, courtesy of suffragist women movement. We now turn our attention to the movie, evidently acted by young Americans who were actually touched and directly affected by the acts of the suffragist movement. Iron Jawed angels was acted in 2004 and it narrates the suffrage movement of the early 20th century. Having received its filming in Virginia under the production of HBO films in 2004, it is said to have received a standing ovation at the Sundance. The play focuses on the two defiant and powerful women in the history of the United States, first Alice Paul, whom Hillary Swank acts, and Lucy Burns acted by Frances O’Connor. In essence the movie attempts to explain to bring out how these activists formed a more radical wing from the conservative and older main stream wing. In the real sense the movie is a clear show that actually women are not objects but complete characters just like their counterpart men. The play also acknowledges the fact that although these women had different backgrounds but they are united in their common goal of women’s suffrage movement. The play continues to Harvey the fact that in this country dominated by male chauvinism, it was no easy go as the women of this radical wing clash with their conservative counterparts and also a divided public opinion. It is also extra hard given the male dominated leadership of the country led by president Woodrow Wilson (acted as Bob Gunton) himself. The actors also bring out the idea that along the way in the course of the fight sacrifices are looming with many of the activists being thrown in jail and going a step further ton strike on food. These lead to forced feeding by the hospital nurses. This forced feeding wins them a name, Iron Jawed Angels: the title of the play. These ladies have a strong will which actually sees them realize their dream one fine day in 1920. By the time the movie was being cast in 2004 it was clocking 84 good years since the end of the suffrage movement. Many in this generation had not experienced the reality of the bitterness of living without accessing the necessary human rights enjoyed by any member of the society. To an eighteen year old American girl in college it is just a common right for her to access to . I tend to feel the real bitterness this young woman engages when the plain truth dawns on her that actually it isn’t any other opportunity for her to attend her college tutorial classes alongside male counterpart, who also ought to realize the opportunity was mistakenly meant for them alone about close to ninety years ago. Needless to add, the movie is real timely to these somehow ignorant population of the whole truth behind the struggle for equal rights among the men and women of the great empire. Asking me to scoop out my view of the accuracy and effectiveness of the movie to the contemporary American society, I Imagine the American college lady who has just been watching this actors in the theatre. The pain of the hard swallowed saliva drips along her saliva as it comes to her realization that she is their as a result of a sacrifice made by somebody else.The play is this effective and accurate! References: Stevens, Doris. Jailed for freedom: American Women win the vote. 1920. Ed. Carol O’Hare Troutdale: Newsage Press, 1995. Graham, Sally Hunter. Woodrow Wilson, Alice Paul, and the Woman Suffrage Movement: Political Science Quarterly 98 (1983-84):665-79. http://www. gutenberg. org/etext/3604 http://iron-jawed-angels. com/ http://movies. go. com/iron-jawed-angels/d776839/drama

Jason Caminitis Its Like 1984 All Over Again :: Its Like 1984 All Over Again Essays

Jason Caminiti's It's Like 1984 All Over Again "Most people have written this book off as a good science fiction work." Says Jason Caminiti, writer of the 1984 critical essay, "It's Like 1984 All Over Again." What he refers to is the public's reaction to 1984, a novel discussing the government's involvement in personal affairs. Caminiti believes that the book holds truer to modern times than people believe. Although there may be no Ingsoc, telescreens, Newspeak, or even helicopters darting in and out of windows, the government still has their own wicked methods of controlling and monitoring American society. Modern technology has just helped accomplish this feat. Caminiti explains how everything acts as a monitoring tool, from the Internet to the Social Security System, and even ID cards for schools and college campuses. "Our government is taking steps towards this type of Orwellian society all the time." He realizes. Jason Caminiti is right. 1984 is not just some nondescript science fiction novel, but a reflect ion on life today. Before the criticism on Jason Caminiti's critical essay, "It's Like 1984 All Over Again" can be distributed, a few unclear terms must be defined. A telescreen is a technological advancement, allowing "Big Brother" to peer into the homes of those who have them (And in 1984, they are mandatory.) The telescreen watches, day and night, and can never be shut off, and can also communicate back. Big Brother is the elusive government in 1984, never seen, only heard of. The Ministry of Truth is the office where Winston, an Outer-Party member works. Ministry of Truth is an ironic title, for all that the Ministry of Truth does is lie to people, changing facts and hiding facts. That's not truth at all, but deceit instead. A prole is another term from 1984, and is short for "prolitariat" or "prolitarian". Proles are pleasure-seeking human beings, representing the lower class of society. The government rarely concerns themselves with prolish matters. Lastly, the V-Chip is not a term from 1984, but a modern day invention. Advocated by former United States president, Bill Clinton, the v-chip is supposed to be used by parents to help block out any questionable material on television.

Protein Article Research

Protein Article Research Sara Langrell December 15, 2011 Nutrition SCI/241 Dr. Venessa Lee Abstract: Athletes have been searching for years for a way to reduce the amount of recovery time between work outs. Based on this issue there has been quite a lot of research conducted to find out what can be done, if anything, to either reduce or eliminate recovery time. One of the theories is to increase protein intake above the daily recommended amount, thereby providing the body with additional amino acids that promote recovery. Although this seems like the perfect solution, there are some flaws. It would appear that not only do you need additional proteins but an additional source of fuel to allow the proteins to do their job, therefore all in all a balance must be struck. The recovery time needed from an intense work out is a direct result of the lengthening, or even sometimes, tearing of muscles. If the work out is too intense muscles can actually be damaged. The damage can be classified into three different categories: Type I, Type II and Type III. Type I muscle damage is classified as the soreness that occurs 24-48 hours after unaccustomed exercise. Type II is classified as an acute disabling pain either from the complete tearing of the muscle and facia or the disruption of a few fibres with the facia remaining intact. 1 Type III is classified as a cramp or soreness that occurs either during or directly following a workout. 1 Because of these issues, many hours of research have been conducted to try to determine if there is anything that can be done to slow or even elimi nate the damage done to the muscle during exercise. When muscles are stretched or damaged proteins are both broken down and synthesized all at the same time. The breakdown is not all bad for the body, as it regulates potentially damaging and dysfunctional proteins. 2 In direct response to the breakdown, the synthesis that occurs would seem to be good for the body; however it can cause an imbalance in muscle proteins. 1 Based on research it has been determined that replacing amino acids during and after exercise helps to balance the protein deficiency and assist in the repair process. Many of the recommended ways to do this is to increase protein intake or possibly opt for an amino acid replacement supplement. Dependent upon the type of exercise you are prone to will determine the type of supplement that would be recommended. Checking with a physician would be the best bet before beginning any type of therapy. Bibliography: 1. ) Nosaka, Kazunori PhD, Muscle damage and amino acid supplementation: Does it aid recovery from muscle damage? International SportMed Journal, Vo. 8 No. 2, 2007, pp. 54-67 2. ) Phillips SM, Protein requirement and supplementation in strength sports. Nutrition, Vol. 20, 2004, pp. 689-695. Protein Article Research Anonymous Dr. Louis Cohen SCI/241 Protein Article Research January 3, 2012 According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, protein is found in every cell in the body. Protein provides our bodies with energy that is ready to be used. After it is digested, it becomes amino acids. There are 23 amino acids which are very essential to the body and are needed for the body to function properly. Amino acids are needed in order to build muscle strength. Protein can be found in animal foods, and it can also be found in plant foods.Animal foods such as meats, cheeses, and dairy products are complete sources of protein, while plant sources are an incomplete protein source because they are low in at least one of the essential amino acids. Plant sources need to be consumed with a complementary protein source in order to be certain that protein needs are being met. For example, if you eat chicken, that would be a complete source of protein, whereas if you eat rice for a meal, you should ad d beans to make the protein consumption complete. A few examples of plant sources or an incomplete protein source is as follows: corn, tofu, grains, some vegetables and fruits.Because I am a 19 year old woman, I need 46 grams of protein a day. I can easily meet and exceed the amount that is necessary by eating all of my meals in a day and by consuming all other essential nutrients. Although getting just the right amount of protein is healthy for the body, getting too much can be harmful. When people consume too much protein, they increase their risk of weight gain. Also, high protein diets can put a strain on the kidneys because they rid the protein from the blood, may contribute to cancer because it increase blood levels of IGF-1, and may cause nutritional deficiencies.Just as high protein diets can cause medical illnesses, low protein diets can do the same. A diet with a lack of protein can cause skin pigmentation, diarrhea, swollen bellies, rashes, and change in texture or color of the hair. Protein is on the body’s essential needs, however, too much or too little of any nutrient that is essential can harm the body. It is vital that people learn the amounts of nutrients their body requires in order to become or remain healthy.

Informed consent is a process

Informed consent is a process by which the physician obtains authorization from the patient to undergo a particular medical intervention, after explaining the details, its benefits and the risks, and existence of any available alternative, in a manner which the patient comprehends the best.   It can be oral or written, and can be implied (situation arises in which a consent has to be given) or expressed (consent which is specifically mentioned).   A physician has to obtain informed consent before performing any procedure. A procedure carried out without the patient’s knowledge, or any deviation in the intervention carried out, without informing the patient amounts to ‘battery’ (a tort of causing harm deliberately).   However, there are certain circumstance under which informed consent need not or cannot be obtained, including public health situations, medical emergencies, incompetence of the patient, therapeutic privilege or a voluntary relinquishment from the patient. In a public health emergency, consent form the individual is not mandatory as a clash between the patient’s rights and the public rights; would result in the rights of the public prevailing (as more number or people would be affected).   In such emergencies, it may be required to treat or quarantine people, sometimes against their will. During a medical emergency, consent is usually not required, because in such situations the patient is unable to give one.   Obtaining consent may in fact take a lot of time and may delay life-saving procedures.   Studies have shown that consent obtained from patient’s requiring emergency care often lead to development of fear.   Some people felt that in such situations they were more often left without any choice.   Other studies have shown that physicians are more likely to do something beneficially for the patient, in such situations. A physician need not obtain consent from a patient, if he perceives that he/she is incompetent to make a decision about their good health.   Treatment provided in such situations would be deemed as ‘in the best interests of the patient’.   In some cases, the patient may have a condition that affects his/her thinking abilities.   However, if the physician feels that the patient’s condition is not going affect his/her decision-making abut health; then it would always be better to obtain prior consent. Therapeutic privilege is a condition in which the physician need not inform the patient about certain issues in an effort to prevent further harm to the patient.   A physician need not inform the patient if he/she feels that it can cause unnecessary mental tensions.   However, this benefit is often misused by physicians. Some patients may voluntarily give up their rights to give consent, and instead allow the physician to perform the necessary procedures.   In such situations, informed consent is usually not necessary. Consent is usually not needed for routine or minor interventions, as the physician may feel that it is usually implied, considering the fact that the patient has come forward seeking medical care.   However, for interventions in which the risks are significantly higher, consent is mandatory. References: Akkada, Andrea, Jacksona, Clare, Kenyona, Sara, Dixon-Woodsb, Mary, Taubb, Nick , & Habibaa, Marwan (2004). â€Å"Informed consent for elective and emergency surgery: questionnaire study.† BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 111(100), 1133. Foà «x, B. A. (2001). â€Å"The problem of informed consent in emergency medicine research.† Emergency Medicine Journal, 18, 198-204 http://emj.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/18/3/198   

Chemistry Lab essays

Chemistry Lab essays When comparing the results of the flame tests for solid sodium nitrate, solid sodium chloride and the sodium chloride solution, they all gave off the same colour. These results indicate that it does not matter which state the compound is in; it will still have the same properties. It also indicates that the wavelength was the same for sodium chloride and the sodium nitrate. Which means that it is the metal (sodium) that is responsible the new colour, not the non-metal (nitrate or chloride). Potassium chloride and sodium chloride gave off similar colours orange. They were hard to tell apart by viewing them with the naked eye, but because they are different metals it is known that the shade in colour (orange) would be slightly different. It looked as though sodium chloride gave off a slightly lighter orange almost yellow. In this experiment cobalt glass was not used. All of the compounds were chlorides except for one because the non-metal is not responsible for the colour change. Only one example of the difference between chloride and nitrate was needed, which proved that it is the metal that is creating the colour. If all of the other compounds containing chloride were tested again when containing nitrate, they would all give off the same colour as they did before. Two sodium compounds were used because the sodium chloride was more difficult to pick up with the Nichrome Wire than the sodium nitrate was. Since the colour of the flame depends on the metal, then whatever non-metal that makes the experiment the easiest should be used. In this case nitrate made it easier, so it was used. Furthermore, two sodium compounds were used to prove the point that it is the sodium creating the colour, not the non-metal (chloride or nitrate). ...

The Versailles Treaty Put an End to World War I

The Versailles Treaty Put an End to World War I The Versailles Treaty, signed on June 28, 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in Paris, was the peace settlement between Germany and the Allied Powers that officially ended World War I. However, the conditions in the treaty were so punitive upon Germany that many believe the Versailles Treaty laid the groundwork for the eventual rise of Nazis in Germany and the eruption of World War II. Debated at the Paris Peace Conference On January 18, 1919- just over two months after the fighting in World War Is Western Front ended- the Paris Peace Conference opened, beginning the five months of debates and discussions that surrounded the drawing up of the Versailles Treaty.   Although many diplomats from the Allied Powers participated, the big three (Prime Minister David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and  President Woodrow Wilson  of the United States)  were the most influential. Germany was not invited. On May 7, 1919, the Versailles Treaty was handed over to Germany, who was told they had only three weeks in which to accept the Treaty. Considering that in many ways the Versailles Treaty was meant to punish Germany, Germany, of course, found much fault with the Versailles Treaty. Germany did send back a list of complaints about the Treaty; however, the Allied Powers ignored most of them. The Versailles Treaty: A Very Long Document The Versailles Treaty itself is a very long and extensive document, made up of 440 Articles (plus Annexes), which have been divided into 15 parts. The first part of the Versailles Treaty established the League of Nations. Other parts included the terms of military limitations, prisoners of war, finances, access to ports and waterways, and reparations. Versailles Treaty Terms Spark Controversy The most controversial aspect of the Versailles Treaty was that Germany was to take full responsibility for the damage caused during World War I (known as the war guilt clause, Article 231). This clause specifically stated: The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies. Other controversial sections included the major land concessions forced upon Germany (including the loss of all her colonies), the limitation of the German army to 100,000 men, and the extremely large sum in reparations Germany was to pay to the Allied Powers. Also enraging was Article 227 in Part VII, which stated the Allies intention of charging German Emperor Wilhelm II with supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties. Wilhelm II was to be tried in front of a tribunal made up of five judges. The terms of the Versailles Treaty were so seemingly hostile to Germany that German Chancellor Philipp Scheidemann resigned rather than sign it. However, Germany realized they had to sign it for they had no military power left to resist. Versailles Treaty Signed On June 28, 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Germanys representatives Hermann Mà ¼ller and Johannes Bell signed the Versailles Treaty in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles near Paris, France.

Tax Havens or Offshore Financial Centre Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Tax Havens or Offshore Financial Centre - Thesis Example Recently some countries have emerged as evident tax havens and are attracting hefty capital inflow. Singapore, Hong-Kong, Barbdos etc are only a few to name. "In Asia, offshore interbank markets began to develop after 1968 when Singapore launched the Asian Dollar Market (ADM) and introduced the Asian Currency Units (ACUs). The ADM was an alternative to the London euro-dollar market, and the ACU rule enabled mainly foreign banks to engage in international transactions under a favorable tax and regulatory environment"Similarly in Europe, Luxembourg attracted investors from Germany, France and Belgium in the early 1970s (IMF, 2000) due to its low income tax rates, the lack of withholding taxes for nonresidents on interest and dividend income, and banking secrecy rules. On the same ground The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man provided very similar opportunities. Moreover Bahrain began to serve as a collection center for the region's oil surpluses during the mid 1970s, after passing ban king laws and providing tax incentives to facilitate the incorporation of offshore banks. In the Western Hemisphere, the Bahamas and later the Cayman Islands provided similar facilities. Following this initial success by other countries, a number of other small countries tried to attract this business. Many had little success, because they were unable to offer any advantage over the more established centers. This did, however, lead some late arrivals to appeal to the less legitimate side of the business.

Statement of Needs for a Grant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statement of Needs for a Grant - Essay Example Majority of the new cases of breast cancer are associated with lack of awareness and inability to obtain proper medical attention. Researchers have proposed that the only way to prevent breast cancer is to launch a prevention plan that would facilitate public education. In this light, this statement of need for a breast cancer prevention project is a relevant idea. The economic impact of breast cancer has far reaching effects. When women suffer from breast cancer, they are scheduled for a treatment program in which they visit the relevant hospitals. With the current population of working women, this will mean the absence in their respective workplaces and wastage of working days. In a year, a woman may lose over a week out of work to attend the demands of her treatment plans. In financial terms, treatment of breast cancer is expensive and has a wide range of financial implications. First, women with breast cancers have to pay for their treatment and this will reduce their incentive to invest. As such, their productivity becomes limited and their families may suffer financial loss. Those with insurance plans will have to pay for the extra expenses and this has equal consequences on the financial aspect of the family. Women covered under family insurance plans are compelled to remain within unpleasant marriages to secure their treatment. From th is point of view, starting a breast cancer prevention plan will have a lot of financial benefits of the society. The World Health Organization (2013) has asserted that it is possible for the save the lives of many people in the society if a prevention plan is launched. Over 89% of the people who have been diagnosed with cancer in the last 5 years are still alive due to effective cancer management plans. This group also estimates that over 50% of the cases of cancer can be avoided if proper awareness in created and

Taxtion Profect Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Taxtion Profect - Literature review Example However, the impact of tax travels to the end consumer in a VAT scheme much like other taxation systems since goods and services providers tend to move the taxed amount to the end consumer’s final price receipt (Ebrill et al., 2001). VAT Implementation in the United Kingdom VAT is not a new concept to the United Kingdom (UK) and was in place before the UK signed up for the European Union. The initial implementation of VAT in the UK dates back to 1973 when it was introduced by the national government as an entry condition to join the European Union (EU) (Warren, 1993) (IFS, 2009). VAT is not levied universally on all goods and services in the UK. Instead, VAT is applicable to certain goods and services at varying rates in the UK. Directives concerning the amount of VAT and its application to goods and services are provided both by the UK government and certain EU rules and guidelines. Moreover, VAT rates tend to vary for certain goods imported from outside the EU (HMRC, 2013). VAT Rates Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC) provides for three different VAT rates that are classified as (HMRC, 2013): Standard 20% Reduced 5% Zero 0% Standard VAT rates apply to most goods and services consumed in the UK while reduced rates apply to certain items such as fuels, energy savers, power items etc. On the other hand, zero rates apply to certain other items such as certain food items, public transportation, books, children’s clothes etc. (HMRC, 2013). It must be kept in mind that zero rate VAT items are differentiated from items exempted from VAT. Any items that are exempt from VAT cannot have VAT based taxed applied to them under the law such as on insurance, charitable fundraising, life saving services etc. In contrast, zero rate VAT items are taxable but are charged for at 0%. The retailer may lodge a reclaim with the HRMC for zero rate VAT items but not for VAT exempt items (HMRC, 2013). In addition, VAT law provided by the EU mandates that the m inimum standard rate for EU members has to be 15%. Member states are also allowed to apply a maximum of two different reduced rates that should be at least 5% on certain goods (European Commission, 2006). Moreover, any changes in VAT especially changes concerning decreased VAT rates must be approved by the EU alone (Victor, 2010). Regional Comparisons VAT is applicable throughout the EU and certain member states exhibit exceptionally high VAT rates. Regional comparisons of VAT rates are presented in the table provided below. Table 1 - VAT regional comparison sourced from (Victor, 2010) Country VAT Rate (%) UK 20 Denmark 25 Hungary 25 Sweden 25 Iceland 25.5 Criticisms against VAT VAT is collected at each value addition stage in the provision of goods and services so ideally VAT’s burden should be borne by these stages and their stewards. However, practically VAT banks on the end consumer much like other forms of taxation. This tends to make VAT just as cumbersome for the avera ge consumer as other forms of taxation. In addition, it has been argued that VAT is essentially a regressive form of taxation though proponents of VAT consider it as progressive. The graph presented below presents how different taxes on consumers in the UK tend to vary by the income quartiles. Figure 1 - Tax composiitons and their differences according to income groups in the UK sourced from (Murphy, 2010) Tax collection through VAT is generally lower than expected

Intellectual Property Rights and software Essay Example for Free

Intellectual Property Rights and software Essay Moral theories such as utilitarianism are used to defend Intellectual Property Rights of software produced by companies such as the Microsoft. It is important to differentiate between physical property rights and intellectual property rights. The government needs to analyse pros and cons of protecting rights of companies such as the Microsoft. Intellectual Property Rights or IPR is generally defended based on the assumption that they are similar to physical property rights. The ethical argument is that legal experts have upheld the need to protect property rights of individuals. Consequently, due to such rights individuals are able to protect their ownership rights, as they are allowed to approach court of law when their property is encroached. It is not possible to accept this argument in the context of intellectual property. This is due to basic differences that persist between physical property and intellectual property. Physical property allows purchaser to use property and alienate or dispose property at the later period. (Lea 2006) Software patent rights gives the right to use, but does not allow the user to either modify or alienate. This is because software can be produced in large quantities with the assistance of modern technology. Property, on the other hand, cannot be produced in large quantities. Reproduction and duplication of software can affect profitability of a company like Microsoft or author of the program. (Lea 2006) IPR in the context of software cannot be justified on two counts. First, it cannot be compared with physical property. There is no moral justification to protect rights of the creator of software. It is true that it is important to protect rights of individuals who author a computer program. But, at the same time, it is important to protect rights of consumers as well. Based on this reasoning, Wright brothers were not able to patent Airplane. Patents can sometimes discourage creativity. Consequently, modern scientists were able to produce airplane designs and contribute to enhanced facilities to people. The major purpose of patents and copy rights is to encourage people to contribute to scientific knowledge. (Lea 2006) Patents can be considered as recognition of talent of individual. Innovative products can inspire other individuals to produce similar or other products. As software is protected by IPR, it cannot be modified. One needs to differentiate between copy right acts and software patents. Copy right acts protect interest of authors. Generally, mass production of a book involves huge expenditure as it requires investment in printing and machinery. Software production, on the other hand, does not involve such huge investment. This argument is used to defend software patents. But, this argument alone cannot be used to defend right of a person who authors computer programs. (Lea 2006) Utilitarianism believes in welfare principles. Property rights are essential to achieve general welfare. Lack of property rights can affect large numbers of individuals. Non-software copy rights have encouraged producers to enhance production. They are able to obtain recognition for their contribution to their sector. On the other hand, software patent has affected large numbers of individuals, as they are not able to modify source code of a computer program. Duplication of software will affect income rights of a person or organization that produces software. The author will continue to enjoy the right to control the product. At the same time, additional features can be created by tweeting source code. This can benefit large numbers of people as they use free and modified software. Lea 2006) One needs to appreciate the fact that computer programs cannot replace essential goods required by large numbers of world population. In the 1990s, American population depended on computer revolution, which created employment opportunities for large numbers of individuals. At the same time, a country cannot solely depend on computer programs. This is because comp uter programs cannot replace other economic activities such as agricultural and industrial production. (Lea 2006) Protection of monopolistic companies such as Microsoft has created disparity between rich and poor nations. It is not possible to defend high price charged by companies for their software. This is because companies do not invest heavily in R D, unlike non software industry. From utilitarian perspective, it is not possible to defend IPR of software. This is because the aim of world leaders should be to reduce disparity between rich and poor. IPR in software, on the other hand, has enhanced gap between rich and poor. This is because countries such as the US depend heavily on software export. The US enhanced its software trade surplus which crossed $20 billion in 1999. (Lea 2006) Second, from libertarian perspective also one cannot defend IPR. This is because IPR does not allow freedom to individuals as they are not able to modify and sell software. This can affect their creative abilities. IRP affects autonomy and freedom of individuals. In a free and democratic country such as the US it is not possible to justify protection of organizations such as Microsoft. Free software movement emerged in order to defend the right of individuals to freely distribute software. In the 1960s, computers had to install software as a distinct bundle. Aim of such measure was to avoid monopoly of a particular company. Microsoft believes in protection of its IPR. In actuality, the main attempt of this organization is to protect its commercial interest. Lack of IPR rules in the context of software will erode profitability of this company. By the use of cyber laws, the company is able to reach a monopolistic position. This has contributed to inflated price of software produced by this company. It is interesting to note that the company hired services of professional detectives in Europe to identify people who used unlicensed company products. Microsoft has faced criticism from European countries due to its monopolistic position in the international software market. Lawsuits are filed against this company for discouraging competition from other companies. (Lea 2006) Computer consumers are expected to purchase legal software from designated commercial areas. At the same time, one needs to note that absence of IPR in software would not affect company profitability. This is because it is not possible for individuals to use different free or licensed computer programs. Today, most users depend on Microsoft Windows and Internet Explorer. Other products are not used due to compatibility issue as these programs are not compatible with Microsoft products. This shows that even if Microsoft products are not protected by IPR, consumers will continue to use them as they are accustomed to this company product. In the year 2001, the government compromised with Microsoft by structuring IPR in such a way as to protect interest of this company. (Lea 2006) Data shows that 90 percent of computers use Microsoft products including Windows and Internet Explorer. (Lea 2006) This has affected competition in this sector. Consequently, large numbers of people are compelled to buy products from Microsoft. The solution for this problem is that Microsoft should be divided into two sections. One section can deal with legal and licensed software, which can be sold at a particular price, while another section can concentrate on products such as video player, which can be freely downloaded. This implies that government is taking sufficient measures to protect interest of consumers who in the IPR regime tend to buy software at inflated price. Another alternative is to abolish IPR of software so that it becomes equivalent to mathematical formulae or a scientific law, which consumers can use and modify based on their subsequent research. This can encourage creativity and innovation and achieve welfare of a large section of world population. (Lea 2006) Utilitarian and libertarian perspectives show that software patent rights do not achieve social welfare, as they aim to protect interest of companies such as Microsoft. Software patent rights have affected autonomy and freedom of individuals who are not legally allowed to modify computer programs. The government needs to introduce regulations restricting software prices. This can encourage companies to offer free software, which can be modified and redistributed for non commercial use.

I Was the Only Girl, but I Was Determined to Make the Golf Team Essay

I Was the Only Girl, but I Was Determined to Make the Golf Team I began golfing in the past five years. I went out for the high school team and made it on the varsity co-ed team. I was the only girl, but I was determined to make it. The first day of practice was interesting. All my fellow teammates treated me as an outcast – even the coach. This was the coaches first year of coaching varsity golf and had no idea what to do with a female on the team. When coaching a sport you need to be able to help a team member when they are having difficulty with the sport. For golf, this includes touching the person to insure they are swinging the club properly. Being that the coach was male, and I am female he would never help me because there are particular spots where you can touch a guy but not a girl (for example the bust region). After playing nine holes of golf, the team would usually go down to the driving range to relax our muscles that we had just used. At the driving range, the coach would assist the team members with the problems they were having. He would help reposition your grip, hold your legs, arms, back, or hip region, whenever they were incorrect. He never approached me. If I needed help with an y of my golf game I would either go to another schools coach or get professional lessons. As the first few practices went on, my teammates just treated me as one of the guys. I did not mind this because they were treating me like a team member. However, the coach still avoided me whenever I needed assistance. In high school golf matches, the top six players compete. As I was ranked, I was number four. When the first match came I was terrified because I knew I was number four on the team and knew I would most lik... ... do get penalized with strokes. That was my first tournament and I was not prepared. I did not expect it to take ten hours. I learned to bring as much food as you can fit in your bag, and do not forget some Advil or pain medicine because your entire body will be sore in the end. All your muscles are ready to give out, your feet just want to be elevated and your back is slouched for carrying a heavy golf bag for many hours. After my first year on the team, the coach warmed up to me. He still however, kept his distance, but I learned to rise above him. I played a total of eleven tournaments and even went to the state championship. Golfing on the team made me so mentally strong. I learned that I could do something if I wanted to, even if there was no support for me doing it. I continued to play for the rest of my high school career, and improved with every shot.

An Essay on Vanity Essay

â€Å"Mirror, mirror, on the wall, who’s the fairest of them all?† this ever so famous line quoted from Disney’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs sticks to the back of our minds more often than expected. Modern day witches gradually start to emerge in our world with the same intention, or shall we say insecurity, as the witch in the fairy tale – to have the satisfaction of being on top. Nowadays, more and more people, especially teenagers, begin to look in the mirror to see if they are satisfied with themselves. Vanity, which is being worthless and futile, causes this. When an individual feels worthless, he becomes insecure because he feels that he is not â€Å"worth it,† regardless if it’s true or not. This leads to even more troubling problems like fitting in the â€Å"in crowd,† attaining high self-esteem and self-confidence, and finding one’s true identity. The feeling of worthlessness or simply called vanity leaves teenagers to have the craving to fit in. When one feels that he is not worthy, he seeks the attention of others and he feels that he needs their approval. What happens after this? Then, he tries doubly hard to fit in the â€Å"cool crowd† by wearing the trendiest clothes, saying the coolest lines, and doing the meanest things. This may make him one of the â€Å"cool people,† but this evidently doesn’t’ make him commendable. Another common thing for trying-hard-to-fit-in teenagers to do is start the hazardous habit of smoking. Their very own peers may well become their very own adversaries because they are the ones who pressure them in taking up smoking. Eventually, these vulnerable teenagers lose their self-image in exchange for a place in the â€Å"cool crowd organization.† Being a teenager is indeed a very difficult part in the cycle of life. It can ruin your self-esteem and self-confidence in a second. For example, cool kids pick on the insecure ones for the fun of it. These kids laugh at nerdy-looking teens and snicker at try-hard-to-fit-in ones. Usually, the ones being laughed at and looked down upon are the ones having problems with vanity. Their sense of futility plus the kind of attention they get from others decreases their self-esteem to zero, thus, causing their self-confidence to drop. This shouldn’t be the case. The vainer a person is, the more he should do something about it, and the more he has to believe in  himself. In extreme cases, adolescents alter their very own persona just to please others. An evident example of this would be teens who steal so that their peers won’t think of them as inadequate. They would rather be called â€Å"conyo† than be of the standard class. The question here is why do they have to steal? People who steal aren’t contented with what they have that’s why they make use of other people’s belongings and mark them as their own. By doing this, they would gain attention because their peers would commend them on the objects that they stole, which usually are expensive and classy ones. This is one of the persona alterations that vanity can cause. These common Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde type of teens are pretenders. They live their lives superficially, pretending to be somebody that they’re truly not. This is a real problem among adolescents. Since they are on the stage where they are able to intellectually contrast themselves with others, they feel that they should show another personality aside from their own so that they wouldn’t have to worry about people’s reactions to their true personality. They cover their faces with masks to keep others from finding out their true identity and to protect themselves from rejection. Because of their insecurity, they may never be able to find their true selves. They should take out their masks and show the world their true selves so that people may accept them for who they are, and not for who they are trying to be. To all those teenagers with problems regarding vanity and insecurity, you should be able to face your own fear of rejection so that you wouldn’t be living in a superficial world. Be brave enough to bring out your true identity because you should always give yourself a chance to prove that you are indeed â€Å"worth it.† They say that it is not because things are difficult that we do not dare, it is because we do not dare that they are difficult. So dare to face your fears and dare to be true to yourself for it is only then that you would find inner peace and self-confidence.

Graffiti and vandalism acts in our community Essay

Introduction Graffiti and vandalism are a major blight on communities. Vandalism can lead to important services, such as public telephones, being damaged so that they don’t work, or removed, for example bus shelters, to protect from further harm. Vandalism can make the environment untidy, and graffiti can be offensive. All of these things contribute to an air of decline, and can lead to people fearing crime more. Acts of vandalism can include breaking windows, smashing up payphones, and graffiti. Many incidents of vandalism and graffiti are not reported. This is often because it is against private property and the victims do not consider it serious enough to tell the police, or think that the police won’t be able to do anything about it, or find the culprit. Sometimes, the people who own the property (for example, the gas board) are based a long way away, and never see the damage to complain about it. Vandalism and graffiti are a criminal offence under the Criminal Damage Act 1971. The penalty for vandalism and graffiti is a maximum fine of 500 and/ or 3 months in prison if the value of damage is less than 000. The court can also make a compensation order. Possessing equipment with intent to cause damage is also an offence, and, if intent can be proven to the court, spray paint would be included as such equipment. Types of graffiti There are many different types of graffiti: Tagging: this is perhaps the most frequent type of graffiti. People have their own signs, or ‘tags’, which identify them. These are put in as many places as possible to show that the writer has been there, to mark out their territory. ‘Pieces’ are the larger pictures, more traditionally associated with graffiti. These can have some artistic merit in the correct context. Glass etching: sometimes also called ‘Dutch graffiti’. This is where people scratch into glass, for example on a bus or train, with a sharp implement like a stone or bottle top. Writing slogans: these are often just sprayed onto large walls, and are often designed to be offensive. They may be racist, sexist or homophobic. Other slogans may be political. Who vandalises or graffitis? Young people are associated with a great many incidents of vandalism and graffiti. The scribbling of names and more simple ‘tags’ are known to come from children and young people. Many use felt-tips, or other commonly available materials. Other people are also involved – telephone boxes may be vandalised by people trying to get money out of them; political activists may write their slogans on blank walls or conventional artists may use graffiti in their art. Why do people do it? Here are some of the reasons why people graffiti: Offenders gain pleasure from finishing a piece of graffiti without getting caught and then afterwards from the permanence of their work. The problem grows as other vandals follow and what started as a single ‘tag’ ends up as a wall covered in graffiti. Young people’s eagerness to mark their territory. This can take on a more sinister form when gangs use it to stake out a claim to an area or to intimidate the local community and potential rivals. It can be because people see nothing better to do, or they want to be daring. Peer pressure can lead to people, especially younger people, doing things they would not normally do. This is made worse by the use of graffiti in youth culture, for example in advertising and music. Spaces are built with little consideration for design, so that large blank walls become enormous ‘canvases’. Problems caused by vandalism and graffiti The problems of vandalism and graffiti go much further than the obvious costs of repairs and cleaning. It causes fear of crime and a sense of insecurity. There is evidence that people’s fear of crime is influenced by their impression of public spaces which are dingy and run down because of vandalism, litter and graffiti. Graffiti can make people feel threatened and vulnerable, particularly if it is racist, sexist or homophobic. The ‘Broken Windows Theory’, developed in America, suggests that if a broken window is not repaired, other windows will soon be broken in response to the message that no one cares. It is argued that more broken windows or greater vandalism will influence the way people perceive crime in the area and will assume that other crime is also on the increase. What can I do about it? Investment to tackle graffiti and vandalism has to be long-term. If it is cut back when the problem starts to improve, the problem will come back. What can we do about vandalism? As with graffiti, repairing the damage as soon as it is done can deter vandals from causing further damage. When the vandalism is to property, securing empty houses with metal screens over the doors and windows can be effective, but this does advertise the fact that the house is empty and can encourage vandals. It also adds to the  air of disrepair in an area, and makes people feel less safe. Video recordings of incidents can be used to alert parents and can be used as evidence in court. What can we do about graffiti? Research shows that the best way to deal with graffiti and stop it coming back is to clear it up immediately. However, there are a great many websites for displaying photos of graffiti so the perpetrators may not be that worried about their graffiti being removed, as they get recognition this way. Cleaning up graffiti is something your community could get involved in. Tenants’ and residents’ groups often have volunteer ‘graffiti squads’. If yours doesn’t, why not suggest it at the next meeting? Some councils offer free paint to people who want to paint over graffiti in their neighbourhood. You could suggest your council does this. Another idea is providing a legal site where people are allowed to graffiti. There are mixed views on such graffiti walls or zones. There is some evidence that they bring their own problems, as graffiti tends to spread out to surrounding walls. Also, it is unlikely to stop users doing illegal graffiti elsewhere. Young people are attracted to legal graffiti zones because they don’t have to rush and don’t have to constantly be afraid of being caught. They have time to produce a good piece of work. However, most young people prefer to tag whereas the owners of the wall or site usually prefer pictures. Another problem is young people graffiti-ing on their way to or from the legal graffiti site. One project got round this by providing all the paint on site. Innovative designs of walls, with more windows or unusual materials may help, as it reduces the amount of ‘blank canvas’ available. Even better is to have railings instead of walls where possible, as this not only limits the possibility of graffiti, but also increases natural surveillance, making people feel safer. Where large walls are inevitable, for example around an industrial site, using murals to decorate the walls may stop people putting their own ‘pictures’ there. If public art is not a possibility, using vegetation, for example ivies and creepers, can help with stopping people graffiti. It also makes the area look more attractive. Other ways to limit graffiti and vandalism in your neighbourhood include: Educating young people about the impact which graffiti and vandalism have on the wider community (e.g. making people feel unsafe, costing millions of pounds a year to fix and clean up) Young people are often unaware of the cost of cleaning up graffiti or repairing criminal damage. They need to know that it is unacceptable and is taken seriously. Helping find other things for young people to do [link to yp section] What can schools and youth services do? Schools or youth groups can ‘adopt’ badly vandalised areas, such as subways or playgrounds, keeping them clean and well looked-after. These schemes work best where young people can get involved in the design or creation of the area themselves, for example by creating a mural or planting trees. The same approach has been used successfully by targeting groups of young people who are thought to be responsible for some of the damage. Detached youth workers can make contact with the young people and establish what they would like to do instead. A practical construction project often appeals. There are many examples of successful projects where young people have taken pride in what they have created and ensured that it stays vandal-free. What can others do to help? Agencies owning buildings or utilities which are prone to vandalism can assess the location and design of these to see if vandalism can be reduced. Measures might include: Demolishing unused buildings, or finding a temporary use for them (such as a youth centre). Relocating services, e.g. phone boxes and bus stops, so that they are closer to other facilities where they may be less prone to vandalism. Better damage-reporting procedures and quicker repair. Target-hardening, e.g. better lighting, toughened glass, graffiti-resistant paint. Authorising graffiti in some areas, e.g. graffiti walls. Probation service community service schemes may be able to help with repairs and graffiti removal. Under the Crime & Disorder Act, the court can require offenders to repair damage done by imposing a Reparation Order.